WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026
WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026: The WAEC Biology Practical Examination 2025/2026 consists of 12 stations, each with one or more biological specimens from various kingdoms of life. We will provide the accurate WAEC 2025 specimen details, including the PDF, answers, and related materials for the Biology practical.
In the WAEC Biology Practical Examination, candidates will examine specimens and use materials to test biological concepts and practical skills. Key specimens and materials include:
READ ALSO: WAEC Practical Specimen 2025/2026 PDF for All Subjects
Contents
- 1 WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026
- 2 Detailed Explanation of the WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026
- 3 Specimen A – Mature Fresh Eggs of Catfish:
- 4 Specimen B – Fresh Egg of Domestic Fowl (Raw, with Shell Intact):
- 5 Specimen D – Longitudinal Section of Ovary of Pride of Barbados Flower:
- 6 Specimen E – Leaf of Pride of Barbados Flower:
- 7 Specimen F – Panicum Plant/Guinea Grass (Whole Plant):
- 8 Specimen G – Cocoyam Plant/Caladium Plant (Whole Plant):
- 9 Specimen H – Corm of Cocoyam:
- 10 Specimen J – Dry Humus in a Beaker:
- 11 Specimen K – Moist Humus in a Beaker:
- 12 Specimen L – Ripe Orange Fruit (Whole):
- 13 Specimen M – Longitudinal Section of Coconut Fruit:
- 14 Specimen N – Longitudinal Section of Fresh Chili Pepper Fruit:
- 15 Frequently Asked Questions
- 16 WAEC Biology Practical Answers 2025/2026
WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026
Great care must be taken to ensure that the information provided does not reach the candidates before the examination, either directly or indirectly.
Candidates should be instructed to bring essential items to the examination room, including sharpened drawing pencils (preferably 2B, at least 15cm long), an eraser, and a ruler.
Each candidate will be provided with a specific set of specimens for the examination, which will be used for conducting various practical tasks.
| Specimen Code | Description |
|---|---|
| Specimen A | Mature fresh eggs of catfish |
| Specimen B | Fresh egg of domestic fowl (raw, with shell intact) |
| Specimen C | Picture/model/chart of uterus containing a foetus |
| Specimen D | Longitudinal section of ovary of pride of Barbados flower |
| Specimen E | Leaf of pride of Barbados flower |
| Specimen F | Panicum plant/Guinea grass (whole plant) |
| Specimen G | Cocoyam plant/Caladium plant (whole plant) |
| Specimen H | Corm of cocoyam |
| Specimen J | Dry humus in a beaker |
| Specimen K | Moist humus in a beaker |
| Specimen L | Ripe orange fruit (whole) |
| Specimen M | Longitudinal section of coconut fruit |
| Specimen N | Longitudinal section of fresh chilli pepper fruit |
For the WAEC Biology Practical Examination in 2025/2026, it is crucial that each candidate is provided with a set of essential materials to facilitate the examination of various specimens, such as fish eggs, plant parts, and soil components.
These materials include a hand lens or magnifying lens for close inspection, a scalpel or razor blade for cutting, forceps for handling specimens, and gloves for safety.
Candidates will need a spatula, a petri dish for specimen containment, as well as Fehling’s solutions A and B and iodine solution for specific chemical tests. These tools and reagents will enable candidates to conduct their practical experiments efficiently and safely.
Detailed Explanation of the WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2025/2026
Specimen A – Mature Fresh Eggs of Catfish:
These eggs are from a mature catfish and serve as a specimen for examination. Catfish are known for their unique reproductive strategy, and these eggs provide an opportunity to study their reproductive biology. Candidates may observe and analyze the size, shape, and color of the eggs. Additionally, they can examine the eggs for any visible features that indicate the stage of development.
Specimen B – Fresh Egg of Domestic Fowl (Raw, with Shell Intact):
This specimen consists of a fresh egg from a domestic fowl, commonly known as a chicken. The egg is presented in its raw state, with the shell still intact. Candidates can study the external features of the egg, such as its shape, size, and color. They may also observe the shell’s texture and any markings on it. This specimen allows candidates to understand the structure and characteristics of bird eggs.
Specimen C – Picture/Model/Chart of Uterus Containing a Foetus:
Specimen C is not a physical specimen but a visual representation of a uterus containing a foetus. It serves as an educational aid to help candidates understand the structure and function of the uterus in reproduction. Candidates can use this chart or model to identify parts of the female reproductive system and learn about embryonic development.
Specimen D – Longitudinal Section of Ovary of Pride of Barbados Flower:
This specimen is a longitudinal section of the ovary of the Pride of Barbados flower. Candidates can closely examine the internal structure of the flower’s ovary, which is a female reproductive organ. They may observe ovules, potential seeds, and other structures related to plant reproduction.
Specimen E – Leaf of Pride of Barbados Flower:
Specimen E consists of a leaf from the Pride of Barbados flower. Candidates can study the leaf’s external characteristics, including its shape, size, color, and any unique features. This specimen allows candidates to explore the leaf structure of a flowering plant.
Specimen F – Panicum Plant/Guinea Grass (Whole Plant):
This specimen is the whole plant of Panicum, commonly known as Guinea grass. Candidates can examine the entire plant, including its roots, stems, leaves, and any reproductive structures like flowers or seeds. This provides insight into the morphology of a grass species.
Specimen G – Cocoyam Plant/Caladium Plant (Whole Plant):
Similar to Specimen F, this is the whole plant of either a cocoyam or Caladium. Candidates can study the entire plant, including underground storage structures like corms, leaves, stems, and any reproductive parts. This specimen offers an opportunity to understand the morphology of a tuberous plant.
Specimen H – Corm of Cocoyam:
This specimen is the corm of a cocoyam plant. Candidates can examine the corm’s external features, such as size, shape, and color. Additionally, they can explore its internal structure to understand how these underground organs store energy and nutrients.
Specimen J – Dry Humus in a Beaker:
Specimen J consists of dry humus in a beaker. Humus is organic material in soil that results from the decomposition of plant and animal matter. Candidates may examine its texture, color, and composition to understand the role of humus in soil fertility and nutrient cycling.
Specimen K – Moist Humus in a Beaker:
Similar to Specimen J, this specimen contains moist humus in a beaker. Candidates can observe the differences between dry and moist humus and understand how moisture content affects soil characteristics and plant growth.
Specimen L – Ripe Orange Fruit (Whole):
This specimen is a whole ripe orange fruit. Candidates can examine its external features, such as size, color, texture, and any visible characteristics related to fruit ripening. This specimen offers insights into the structure and attributes of a typical fruit.
Specimen M – Longitudinal Section of Coconut Fruit:
This specimen is a longitudinal section of a coconut fruit, allowing candidates to study its internal structure. They may observe the various parts of the coconut, such as the endosperm, embryo, and coconut water, providing knowledge about coconut development.
Specimen N – Longitudinal Section of Fresh Chili Pepper Fruit:
Specimen N is a longitudinal section of a fresh chili pepper fruit. Candidates can closely examine its internal structure, including seeds and placental tissues. This specimen provides insights into the anatomy of a chili pepper fruit.
Frequently Asked Questions
Candidates will be provided with a variety of specimens, including biological samples like fish eggs, plant parts, soil components, and fruits, as outlined in the specimen list. These specimens will be used to test your ability to identify, examine, and analyze biological materials.
Candidates should be instructed to bring essential items to the examination room, including sharpened drawing pencils (preferably 2B, at least 15cm long), an eraser, and a ruler.
Each candidate will be provided with a specific set of specimens for the examination, which will be used for conducting various practical tasks.
No, you are only allowed to use the materials provided by the examination body or the specified items listed (e.g., pencils, eraser, and ruler). Additional materials like colored pencils or extra tools will not be allowed unless specifically stated.
Always handle specimens with care. Use forceps or gloves to avoid contaminating or damaging them. Follow instructions on the correct procedures for cutting or examining the specimens, and ensure safety when handling sharp tools.
Some specimens will be live (e.g., fresh eggs or plant parts), while others may be preserved or fixed for examination (e.g., dried or preserved plant material). Ensure you understand the type of specimen you are working with to handle it properly.
Study the specimen list and familiarize yourself with each type of specimen and its characteristics. Practice using the provided tools (magnifying lens, scalpel, forceps) for dissection and observation. Review common biological processes and structures that might be tested.
The specimens for the WAEC 2025/2026 Biology examination encompass a wide array of biological materials for candidates to examine. These include mature fresh eggs of catfish (Specimen A), fresh eggs of domestic fowl with shells intact (Specimen B), a picture/model/chart of a uterus containing a foetus (Specimen C), a longitudinal section of the ovary of the pride of Barbados flower (Specimen D), a leaf of the pride of Barbados flower (Specimen E), a whole plant of Panicum, also known as Guinea grass (Specimen F), an entire Cocoyam plant or Caladium plant (Specimen G), the corm of cocoyam (Specimen H), dry humus in a beaker (Specimen J), moist humus in a beaker (Specimen K), a ripe orange fruit (Specimen L), a longitudinal section of a coconut fruit (Specimen M), and a longitudinal section of a fresh chili pepper fruit (Specimen N). These diverse specimens are designed to assess candidates’ knowledge and practical skills in various aspects of biology, from animal reproduction to plant anatomy and soil composition.
Specimen F, Panicum plant (Guinea grass), is included in the examination to allow candidates to study the characteristics and structures of plants, focusing on this specific grass species.
Specimen N, a longitudinal section of a fresh chili pepper fruit, offers candidates the opportunity to examine the internal structure of the fruit and possibly conduct experiments related to it.
WAEC Biology Practical Answers 2025/2026
1a)
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It is dark red in color with greenish gall bladder
(ii) It has smooth firm texture
(iii) It has an irregular shape
(iv) It is large and lobed, with the attached gall bladder small and enlogated
(1ci)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It helps in metabolizing nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances.
(ii) It stores essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals.
(iii) It regulate blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels.
(iv) It stores and releases bile
(iv) It helps domestic fowls in digestion fatty food
(1cii)
Specimen D:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It helps grind food particles before digestion.
-It responds to changes in the coarseness of the diet
-It helps in regulating feed flow
Specimen E:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-The intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food.
-It aids in complete digestion of proteins
-It eliminates waste products
(1ciii)
Specimen D:
-Possession of tough lining made of keratin to aid gringing food effectively
Specimen E: Possession of finger-like projection called villi to increase surface area for better nutrient absorption
(1di)
TABULATE
-Under observation:
(i) Red litmus turn blue
(ii) No effect on blue litmus
-Under inference:
(i) Alkaline
(ii) Basic
(1dii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It helps in emulsification of fats
(ii) It aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
(iii) It aids in neutralization of Stomach Acid
(iv) It helps in the excretion of waste products from the liver, including bilirubin and excess cholesterol
(iv) It aids in digestion
(1ei)
Digestive system
(1eii)
Specimen D
(1fi)
Heterotrophic
(1fii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Maize
-Fruits
-Soybean
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
(2a)
(i)for propagation
(ii)serve as storage organ
(iii)For photosynthesis
(iv)For gaseous exchange
(2bi)
Spec F; for propagation
Spec K; serve as storage organ
(2bii)
Spec F; it is reproductive in nature
Spec K; due to the nature of it surface
(2biii)
Spec F; root
Spec K; stem
(2c)
TABULATE
Under: Spec F;
(i)small size
(ii)Presence of nodes
(iii) terminal bod id present
(iv) Absence of adventurous root
Under: Spec K;
(i)big size
(ii)Absence of node
(iii)terminal bod is absent
(iv)presence of adventurous root
(2cii)
Grey colour
(2d)
Diagram coming soon
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
(3a)
L-chest (middle portion of there)
Q-Lower back repion of the Spine
(3bi)
TABULATE
(PICK ANY FOUR)
L || Q
UNDER L
(i) Smaller and have a heart-shaped body
UNDER Q
(i) Larger and have a kidney -Shaped body
UNDER L
(ii) occur after the Cervical vertebra
UNDER Q
(ii) occur below the thoraic vertebrae
UNDER L
(iii) Tranverse processes are fairly large
UNDER Q
(iii) Tranverse processes are lage and blunt
UNDER L
(iv) Curve in the posterior direction
UNDER Q
(iv) Curve in the ananterior direction
UNDER L
(v) intervertebral disk is thin
UNDER Q
(v) intervertebral disk is massive
(3bii)
(i) Both have a Single Spinous process projecting Posteriorly.
(ii) Both have Superior and inferior articular.
(iii) Both posseses a pair tranverse processes.
(iv) Both have a vertebral arch.
(v) Both have vertebral body.
(3ci)
M
(i) Scapula
(ii) Ulna and radius
P
(i) Pelius
(ii) Tibia
(iii) Patella
(3cii)
For L
Before
Cervical vertebrae
After
Lumbar vertebrae
For Q
Before
Thoraic vertebrae
After
Sacral vertebrae.
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