WAEC Areas of Concentration for Building Construction 2025/2026

Looking for the latest WAEC Areas of Concentration for Building Construction 2025/2026? Our comprehensive guide covers all essential topics and concepts you need to excel. Stay ahead of the competition and boost your exam performance with our expertly curated guide!

The West African Examination Council (WAEC) conducts senior secondary school exams across several West African countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Liberia. WAEC exams are a key milestone in students’ academic and career journeys.

Success in these exams requires thorough preparation, particularly an understanding of the areas of concentration for each subject. This guide covers the WAEC Areas of Concentration for Building Construction 2025/2026, helping students and teachers focus on essential topics to excel.

READ ALSO: WAEC Chemistry Syllabus 2025/2026 Download PDF For Free

WAEC Areas of Concentration for Building Construction 2025/2026

• Definition of building
• Classification and types of buildings
• Introduction to National Building Codes (Building regulations and bylaw requirements)

2. Building Construction and Construction Team

• Definition, purpose, and procedures for building construction
• Parties in the construction team: Client’s team, contractor’s team, statutory personnel
• Functions of the team members
• Relationship of the parties

3. Safety Practices

• Definition of safety, rules, and regulations
• Hazards in the workshop and construction site
• Causes and methods of accident prevention
• Safety equipment and measures at the construction site
• First aid equipment, procedures, and safety wear
• Safety in working with dangerous equipment and materials (electricity, scaffolding, formwork, cement, roofs, etc.)

4. Basic Tools, Equipment, and Machines

• Identification and functions of basic tools and equipment
• Care of tools and equipment

5. Site Clearing and Levelling

• Operations involved in site clearing
• Tools and equipment for site clearing and levelling
• Basic site levelling operations

6. Site Organization and Layout

• Preliminary operations in building construction
• Procedure for site layout: Location, boundary lines, hoarding, hutments, access road

7. Setting Out

• Methods of setting out (3:4:5 method, Builder’s square method)
• Tools and equipment for setting out
• Procedures for setting out

8. Building Drawing

• Use of drawing tools and simple exercises on plane geometry
• Building drawing symbols
• Scales used in building and their application on-site
• Production drawings and interpretations (Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Details)
• Special details (Detaling building elements including doors and windows schedule)
• Scaling (Enlargement, pictorial, and perspectives)
• Definitions and use of AutoCAD

9. Excavation and Earthwork

• Classifications, types, and properties of soil
• Definition and function of excavation
• Methods of excavations
• Tools, equipment, and plant used for excavation
• Solution to excavation problems (Earthwork support, timbering battering, and dewatering)
• Safety rules during excavations

10. Foundation

• Definition, purpose, and functional requirement of the foundation
• Types of foundation
• Factors that determine the choice of foundation

11. Ground Floors

• Types, functions, and functional requirements of the ground floor
• Methods of constructing ground floors
• Definition of the basement
• Differences between a building with a basement and one without
• Problems relating to basements in a building

12. Suspended Floors

• Definition and functions of the upper floor
• Methods of construction of concrete floors and timber upper floors

13. Concrete

• Definition and types of concrete
• Materials for concrete
• Definitions, types, components, and manufacture of cement
• Properties and uses of cement, including other alternatives (Pozzolana, PFA, RHA, etc.)
• Types and uses of aggregates (including palm kernel shell, periwinkle, etc.)
• Types and uses of reinforcements
• Properties and characteristics of concrete
• Process of concrete production
• Types of concrete tests

14. Walls

• Definition, types, and functions of walls
• Definition, types, and properties of walling materials (including locally sourced materials)
• Manufacturing processes of walling materials (clay, brick, blocks, and concrete blocks)
• Sizes of blocks and bricks
• Mortar mixes for brick
• Methods of wall construction (Timber wall construction)
• Definition and function of wall openings
• Methods of constructing wall openings
• Functions of lintels and arches

15. Doors and Windows

• Definition, functions, and types of doors and windows
• Methods of mixing doors and window frames

16. Staircases

• Definition, classification, types, and uses of stairs
• Materials used for the construction of stairs
• Materials used for finishing staircases

17. Plumbing Installations and Drainage System

• Types of fittings in plumbing and sanitary works
• Materials for plumbing works and fittings
• Types of sanitary appliances
• Soil and waste appliances
• Installation of sanitary appliances
• Terms used in drainage works
• Principles and functional requirements of a drainage system
• Types of drainage systems
• Types of drainage materials (pipes and fittings)
• Methods of laying and testing drain lines
• Description of septic and soakaway systems (inspection chambers, manholes, etc.)

18. Electrical Installation and Solar Energy System

• Electrical symbols, installation terms, and materials
• Identification and uses of electrical wiring materials
• Types of electrical wiring
• Definition, functions, and components of solar energy systems

19. Roofs

• Definition, purpose, and types of roofs
• Functional requirements of the roof
• Materials used for roofs
• Roof covering materials
• Protection of roof from wind, rain, lightning, etc.

20. Finishes

• Floors: Types and characteristics of floor finishes, methods of laying floor finishes, uses, and maintenance
• Walls: Types and characteristics of wall finishes, plastering, and rendering, methods of applying plastering and rendering mix
• Ceiling: Types and functions of ceiling finishes, ceiling finishing materials

21. External Work

• Types of fences, materials for fencing, and construction of fences
• Types of gates, fixing of gates, and production of gates
• Types of materials for construction of access roads
• Construction of access roads
• Needs and materials for landscaping
• Procedures for landscaping

22. Types of Business Organization and Ways of Raising Capital

• Principles and management of business organization in the building industry
• Types of business organization in the building industry
• Types and sources of capital

23. Bookkeeping

• Bookkeeping in small-scale businesses
• Books of original entries

24. Contract Work

• Definition and types of contracts
• Contract documents
• Parties to a contract