WAEC Areas Of Concentration For Civic Education 2025/2026

By Abimbola Wasiu October 19, 2024 WAEC Areas Of Concentration 0 Comments

WAEC Areas Of Concentration For Civic Education 2025/2026: Students should recognize the significance of citizenship in society, comprehending the government’s structure, functions, and responsibilities. They must be aware of emerging societal issues and understand their rights, duties, and obligations as citizens while appreciating and upholding democratic values.

The Civic Education examination consists of two papers: Paper One includes four objective questions worth 40 marks, and Paper Two features theoretical questions totaling 60 marks, both administered in one sitting. The exam is divided into three sections: Section A covers national ethics, discipline, rights, and obligations; Section B focuses on emerging societal issues; and Section C addresses governmental systems and processes.

WAEC Areas Of Concentration For Civic Education 2025/2026

1. Values
Definition: Core beliefs or standards that guide behavior and decision-making.
Types: Personal, cultural, social, moral, and ethical values.
Importance to Society: Foster social cohesion, guide behavior, establish norms, and promote common goals.
2. Citizenship and Nationalism
Meaning of Citizenship: Legal status and rights of individuals in a state.
Meaning of Citizenship Education: Education aimed at preparing individuals to be informed and engaged citizens.
Goals of Citizenship Education: Promote civic knowledge, skills, and responsibilities.
Duties and Obligations of Citizens: Obey laws, vote, pay taxes, and participate in community activities.
Meaning of Nationalism: Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.
Ways to Promote National Consciousness: Education, cultural programs, and national events.
Nationalistic Roles of Individuals and Groups: Advocacy, community service, and cultural preservation.
Identification of Local and World Civic Problems: Awareness of issues like poverty, inequality, and environmental challenges.
3. Human Rights
Meaning of Human Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals.
Categories of Human Rights: Civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
Characteristics of Human Rights: Universality, inalienability, indivisibility, and equality.
Historical Background of UDHR: Adopted in 1948, a response to human rights violations during WWII.
Seven Core Freedoms of UDHR: Right to life, liberty, security, education, work, participation in government, and freedom of expression.
Importance of UDHR: Establishes international standards for human rights protection.
Roles in UDHR: Individuals, groups, and governments advocate for and protect human rights.
Limitations to Human Rights: National security, public order, and the rights of others.
4. Law and Order
Definition of Law and Order: System of rules and regulations maintaining societal peace.
Features of Law and Order: Enforcement, justice, stability, and protection of rights.
Importance in Society: Ensures safety, protects rights, and fosters societal trust.
Meaning of Constituted Authority: Legitimate power structures recognized by society.
Types of Constituted Authority: Government, judicial, and administrative bodies.
Importance and Roles of Constituted Authority: Maintain order, implement laws, and provide public services.
5. Responsible Parenthood
Meaning of Responsible Parenthood: Raising children with care and providing for their needs.
Roles of Responsible Parents: Nurturing, educating, and supporting children.
Importance in National Development: Contributes to social stability and economic growth.
6. Traffic Regulations
Meaning of Traffic Regulations: Rules governing road use and safety.
Importance in Society: Reduces accidents, promotes safety, and ensures orderly movement.
Roles of Individuals and Government: Compliance with laws, education, and enforcement.
7. Inter-Personal Relationships
Meaning of Inter-Personal Relationships: Connections between individuals.
Types: Family, friendships, professional, and community relationships.
Skills that Promote Inter-Personal Relationships: Communication, empathy, and conflict resolution.
Meaning of Inter-Communal Relationships: Interactions between different communities.
Importance of Inter-Communal Relationships: Fosters understanding and cooperation.
Meaning of Inter-Communal Conflicts: Disputes between communities.
Skills for Resolving Inter-Communal Conflicts: Dialogue, mediation, and negotiation.
SECTION B: EMERGING ISSUES IN SOCIETY
1. Cultism
Meaning and Origin: Secret groups with specific beliefs; often tied to youth culture.
Different Cult Groups: Various groups with distinct symbols and beliefs.
Reasons for Cultism: Peer pressure, search for identity, and social influence.
Consequences of Cultism: Violence, insecurity, and disruption of social order.
Ways of Preventing Cultism: Education, community engagement, and promoting positive values.
2. Drugs and Drug Abuse
Meaning of Drug Abuse: Misuse of substances for non-medical purposes.
Drugs that Can Be Abused: Alcohol, marijuana, prescription medications, etc.
How Drugs Are Abused: Overuse, mixing substances, and illegal use.
Symptoms of Drug Abuse: Changes in behavior, physical health issues, and withdrawal symptoms.
Behaviors of Drug Addicts: Isolation, neglect of responsibilities, and risk-taking.
Ways of Preventing Drug Abuse: Education, support systems, and rehabilitation programs.
Government Agencies: Institutions enforcing laws and providing support against drug abuse.
3. Human Trafficking
Meaning: Illegal trade of humans for exploitation.
Causes: Poverty, lack of education, and conflict.
Effects and Consequences: Abuse, exploitation, and loss of freedom.
Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking: Legislation, awareness campaigns, and international cooperation.
4. HIV/AIDS
Meaning of HIV/AIDS: Viral infection leading to immune system failure.
Causes: Unprotected sex, sharing needles, and mother-to-child transmission.
Symptoms and Effects: Weak immune response, illness, and stigma.
Prevention: Safe sex practices, education, and testing.
Stigmatization: Discrimination against individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
5. Youth Empowerment
Meaning: Process of equipping young people with skills and opportunities.
Youth Empowerment Skills: Leadership, entrepreneurship, and critical thinking.
Importance and Benefits: Enhances personal development and societal contribution.
Efforts of Government: Programs and initiatives supporting youth development.
SECTION C: GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM AND PROCESSES
1. Structure and Functions of Government
Meaning of Government: System for governing a community or nation.
Structure/Tiers of Government: Local, state, and federal levels.
Functions of Government: Lawmaking, enforcement, and public service.
2. Democracy, Rule of Law, and National Development
Meaning, Types, and Features of Democracy: Government by the people, including representative and direct democracy.
Importance of Democracy: Promotes freedom, equality, and participation.
Pillars of Democracy: Rule of law, separation of powers, and human rights.
Problems of Democracy: Corruption, inequality, and political instability.
Meaning of Rule of Law: Principle that all individuals are subject to the law.
Features of Rule of Law: Fairness, accountability, and transparency.
Importance of Rule of Law: Protects rights and ensures justice.
Problems of Rule of Law: Injustice, abuse of power, and legal system inadequacies.
Meaning of National Development: Economic, social, and political progress.
How Democracy and Rule of Law Promote Development: Through good governance, job creation, and poverty alleviation.
3. Political Apathy
Meaning: Lack of interest in political processes.
Causes: Disillusionment, lack of education, and perceived inefficacy.
Consequences: Low voter turnout and weakened governance.
How Leaders Can Protect Interests: Engagement, transparency, and responsiveness.
Ways of Discouraging Political Apathy: Civic education, community involvement, and fostering trust.
4. Civil Society and Popular Participation
Meaning of Popular Participation: Active involvement of citizens in decision-making.
Types of Popular Participation: Voting, activism, and community service.
Need for Popular Participation: Enhances democracy and accountability.
Modes of Popular Participation: Traditional (e.g., town hall meetings) and modern (e.g., online campaigns).
Achieving Popular Participation: Education and fostering civic responsibility.
Meaning of Civil Society: Non-governmental organizations advocating for public interest.
Functions of Civil Society: Advocacy, education, and accountability.
Qualities of Civil Society: Fairness, justice, and inclusivity.
Problems of Civil Society: Corruption, funding issues, and external influence.
5. Public Service in Democracy
Meaning of Public Service: Employment in government agencies serving the public.
Functions of Public Service: Implementation of policies and public administration.
Problems of Public Service: Inefficiency, corruption, and lack of resources.
Reasons for Shortcomings: Inadequate training, political interference, and low morale.
Ways to Improve Public Service: Training, accountability measures, and better resource allocation.

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Abimbola Wasiu

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